No, there is no such thing, imo, as a definitive set of lyrics for this song. But some have sung it just for fun.

My favorite version with lyrics comes from Austin Pitre, called Lost Lover Breakdown. He's quite the mushmouth, hard to make out the lyrics. Link 1. Can someone make these out?

http://www.npmusic.org/07_Austin_Pitre_Milton_Molitor_Lurlin_LeJeune_Lost_Lover_Breakdown.mp3

Otherwise, J.B. Fuselier was the first to record this tune, in the '30s, with these lyrics. Transcribed by Catherine Blanchet on Old Timey (Arhoolie) lp 110, Louisiana Cajun Music Vol. 3 The String Bands of the 1930s. He played in a band with Varise Conner, the composer of the tune.

Eh chère, chère petite fille
Moi, j'm'en vas, jolie fille,
C'est pour toi, chère 'tit monde
Je vas plus te voir jamais

Ton papa et ta maman
M'a toujours dit, jolie fille
Ca tu fait, ca tu fait
Avec ton nègre, Jolère

Thanks,
This is what one of my friends found on it, which corroborates your info as well:
I just dug out of the closet an LP compilation of Cajun String band music from the 1930s and on it is a version of Lake Arthur Stomp with the following commentary and lyrics.

This song is still popular but rarely sung

Performed by Miller's Merrimakers of Eunice La. 1937. Bandmembers are Bethoven Miller, J.B Fuselier, Preston Manuel.

Eh, chere, chere petite fille
Moi, je m'en vas, jolie fille

C'est pour toi, chere petite monde
Je vas plus te voir jamais

Ton papa et ta maman
M'a toujours dit, jolie fille
Ca tu fait, ca tu fait
Avec ton negre Jolere (?)